Papal state borders defined, remain until 1870 795ST. First pope to abdicate. May have been poisoned 687ST. Virtual civil ruler of Rome 604SABINIANDespised. He died in ensuing famine 579PELAGIUS II Died of a plague 590ST. Legitimacy is open to question 1045BENEDICT IX Elected again for a short time 1045GREGORY VI Bought papacy from Benedict, then was deposed by emperor 1046CLEMENT II Saxon.
Added sprinkling of holy water to Mass 855BENEDICT III Legend says Leo IV succeeded by 'Pope Joan, ' who reigned two years before she was revealed 858ST. NICHOLAS I (THE GREAT) Took care of poor, protected the oppressed. Politically and militarily powerful 1024JOHN XIX First and only pope to succeed his brother. Severe punishments of heretics foreshadowed Inquisition. Crippled with gout, served only 20 days 708CONSTANTINE Syrian. He later condemned Nazis 1939PIUS XII Criticized for not acting on behalf of Jews during Holocaust. CORNELIUS First schism, with election of first antipope, Novatian 253ST. FELIX IV Goths assume heavy hand in papal elections 530ST. Poland Christianized (966) 973BENEDICT VI When protector Otto I died, he was killed by antipope Boniface 974BENEDICT VII Charitable pope. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious children. GREGORY I (THE GREAT)Social overhaul of Europe. Spread Christianity to Sweden, Denmark, Norway 1458PIUS II Encouraged arts and literature 1464PAUL II Very unpopular.
His ministry - including strengthening the other apostles and their successors, the bishops, in faith, and speaking for the whole church - was not intended to end with his death. LEO I (THE GREAT)Watershed papacy. PAUL I Visited prisons, released debtors 768STEPHEN IV Unable to control blood-thirsty subordinates 772ADRIAN ICharlemagne, king of Franks, defeats Lombards. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious photos. Shifted papal residence to Avignon.
Established the Spanish Inquisition 1484INNOCENT VIII Papal States in anarchy 1492ALEXANDER VI Spaniard. Saved Rome from Lombard siege. ZEPHYRINUS Martyr 217ST. Politically inept 418ST. Followed 4 years of heavy persecution, when the seat was vacant 309ST. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious youtube. DAMASUS I Used force to put down uprising over his election. First Polish Pope and first non-Italian in 455 years 2005BENEDICT XVI German. Rome beginning to emerge as major Christian center 140ST. Declared papal Inquisition: death for heretics 1241CELESTINE IV Died mysteriously after 16 days 1243INNOCENT IV First to approve of torture to extract confessions from heretics 1254ALEXANDER IVSummary prosecution against heresy 1261URBAN IV French. One account says he was killed by a stone while trying to stop a riot 1145EUGENE III Fled and wandered Italy and France until wars ended.
Poisoned 985JOHN XV First pope to canonize a saint (Ulric). Encouraged Spain's fight against Muslims 715ST. 32 ST. PETER Galilean. Instigated another Crusade 1265CLEMENT IV French. Restored papal power 1281MARTIN IV French. May have been murdered 1012BENEDICT VIII Used armed force to crush revolts.
Most infamous pope in history. 1227GREGORY IXCanonized St. Francis. The Bishop of Rome also is Patriarch of the West and "Servant of the Servants of God" or universal pastor of the Church. Introduced sung 'Gloria' in Sunday liturgy 514ST. Theologically, Saint Peter, whom Christ had made the principal apostle, had gone to Rome. Plotted to take Constantinople by force.
Died of heart attack after 33 days 1978JOHN PAUL II Polish. Decapitated on the pontifical chair 257ST. BONIFACE IVConsecrated Pantheon to worship of God 615ST. First great Crusade declared, to liberate Jerusalem from Muslims 1099PASCHAL IIImprisoned by Henry V, who wanted free elections of bishops. Fought Eastern heresies 642THEODORE I From Jerusalem. Probably poisoned 913LANDO Man of good character. Asserted papal claims as Roman (Western) Empire collapsed 417ST. "One in being with the Father"). First to issue edicts, in imperial style 399ST. Imprisoned by King Theodoric, Goth ruler of Italy, died in Ravenna 526ST.
Pope recognized as head of world's bishops 535ST. SIRICIUS First to use term 'pope' from the Greek, for father. Only Dutch pope; last non-Italian until John Paul II. Rome at theological odds with Constantinople 440ST. He may have been murdered 903LEO V After a few weeks he was imprisoned, then murdered 904SERGIUS IIIRestored Lateran Palace after an earthquake 911ANASTASIUS III Disorder. Died mysteriously after six months 914JOHN X Defeated Saracens. Beheaded by Roman forces during a liturgical service 259ST. Died of malaria at age 27 999SYLVESTER II French. Promoted reform 1585SIXTUS VRequired bishops to visit Rome every five years, a practice still in force 1590URBAN VII Died of malaria after 12 days 1590GREGORY XIV Unpopular. Son of Roman ruler Alberic II 1045SYLVESTER IIIExcommunicated by Benedict. First St. Peter's built 336ST. URBAN I Martyr 230ST.
Built Rome's Spanish Steps 1730CLEMENT XII Beautified Rome, building famous Trevi Fountain. ALEXANDER IInstitution of holy water and prescription that Communion wafers be made of unleavened bread 115ST. Constantinpole falls to Turks 1455CALIXTUS III Spaniard. Barbarians stormed gates of Rome 275ST. Tension with the Emperor Barbarossa 1159ALEXANDER III Excommunicated Barbarossa. BONIFACE II First pope of Germanic descent, practiced great charity in Rome during famine. Banned meeting places for heretics in Rome 468ST. Fought against immorality throughout the Christian world 983JOHN XIV Fourth pope to change name, first to do so because his name was Peter. SYLVESTER I Council of Nicaea defined divinity of Christ. Wrote "Rome has spoken; the cause is finished" 422ST. AGAPITUS I Went to Constantinople to control Byzantine Emperor Justinian, but poisoned by Justinian's wife 536ST. First to impose Roman standards (the date of Easter) elsewhere 199ST. EUGENE I Elected while Martin was still alive.
Sold papal crown and gave proceeds to charity 1978JOHN PAUL I First pope in a millennium to refuse to wear crown. Fought with Eastern Church 1118GELASIUS IIImprisoned after election. First and only English pope.