So it's 9 out of 16 chance of having a big teeth, brown-eyed child. They don't necessarily blend. They're hybrids for both genes, both parents. You say, well, how do you have an O blood type? So if I said what's the probability of having an AA blood type? Chapter 11: Activity 3 (spongebob activity) and activity 4 and 5 (Punnet Squares) Flashcards. So there's three potential alleles for blood type. These might be different versions of hair color, different alleles, but the genes are on that same chromosome. Let's say big T is equal to big teeth. So which of these are an A blood type? You could use it to explore incomplete dominance when there's blending, where red and white made pink genes, or you can even use it when there's codominance and when you have multiple alleles, where it's not just two different versions of the genes, there's actually three different versions.
You're not going to have these assort independently. Your mother has brown eyes, but your grandmother(mom's mom) had blue eyes. Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred one. The general relationship of price to quality shown in the "Buying Guide and Reviews" can best be expressed by which of the following statements? Well, this is blue eyes and big teeth, blue eyes and big teeth, blue eyes and big teeth, so there's three combinations there. In this situation, if someone gets-- let's say if this is blue eyes here and this is blond hair, then these are going always travel together. So an individual can have-- for example, I might be heterozygous brown eyes, so my genotype might be heterozygous for brown eyes and then homozygous dominant for teeth.
And if I were to say blue eyes, blue and big teeth, what are the combinations there? How would a person have eyes that are half one color and half another? So if I want big teeth and brown eyes. So, the dominant allele is the allele that works and the recessive is the allele that does not work. Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred to have. It looks like I ran out of ink right there. Their hair becomes darker because of the genes and the melanin that gives colour. All of a sudden, my pen doesn't-- brown eyes.
So hopefully, that gives you an idea of how a Punnett square can be useful, and it can even be useful when we're talking about more than one trait. And the phenotype for this one would be a big-toothed, brown-eyed person, right? Let me do it like that. It's strange why-- 16 combinations. So if you look at this, and you say, hey, what's the probability-- there's only one of that-- what's the probability of having a big teeth, brown-eyed child? Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred definition. It can be in this case where you're doing two traits that show dominance, but they assort independently because they're on different chromosomes. Or it could go the other way. You could have red flowers or you could have white flowers. Actually, I want to make them a little closer together because I'm going to run out of space otherwise. He could inherit this white allele and then this red allele, so this red one and then this white one, right?
This one is pink and this is pink. So this is the genotype for both parents. So hopefully, you've enjoyed that. So if this was complete dominance, if red was dominant to white, then you'd say, OK, all of these guys are going to be red and only this guy right here is going to be white, so you have a one in four probability to being white. I want blue eyes, blue and little teeth. It could be useful for a whole set of different types of crosses between two reproducing organisms. So this is what's interesting about blood types. If you're talking about crossing two hybrids, this is called a monohybrid cross because you are crossing two hybrids for only one trait. So brown eyes and little teeth. O is recessive, while these guys are codominant. What you see is brown eyes. There are 16 squares here, and 9 of them describe the phenotype of big teeth and brown eyes, so there's a 9/16 chance. So how many of those do we have? Now if we assume that the genes that code for teeth or eye color are on different chromosomes, and this is a key assumption, we can say that they assort independently.
The dad could contribute this one, that big brown-eyed-- the capital B allele for brown eyes or the lowercase b for blue eyes, either one. Hopefully, you're not getting too tired here. If you have two A alleles, you'll definitely have an A blood type, but you also have an A blood type phenotype if you have an A and then an O. In his honor, these are called Punett Squares. What's the probability of having a homozygous dominant child? This is just one example. So what are the different possibilities? So hopefully, in this video, you've appreciated the power of the Punnett square, that it's a useful way to explore every different combination of all the genes, and it doesn't have to be only one trait. And up here, we'll write the different genes that mom can contribute, and here, we'll write the different genes that dad can contribute, or the different alleles. We care about the specific alleles that that child inherits. How is it that sometimes blonde haired people get darker hair as they get older? I don't know what type of bizarre organism I'm talking about, although I think I would fall into the big tooth camp.
And we want to know the different combinations of genotypes that one of their children might have. And I looked up what Punnett means, and it turns out, and this might be the biggest takeaway from this video, that when you go to the farmers' market or you go to the produce and you see those little baskets, you see those little baskets that often you'll see maybe strawberries or blueberries sitting in, they have this little grid here, right there. So what's the probability of having this? Maybe there's something weird. Not the yellow teeth, the little teeth. Clean lines refer to pure breeds which havent been combined with any other species other than their own(6 votes). So, for example, to have a-- that would've been possible if maybe instead of an AB, this right here was an O, then this combination would've been two O's right there. Independent assortment, incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple alleles.
Let me make that clear. The first 1/2 is the probability that your mother gave YOU a little b, the second 1/2 is the probability that you would give that little b on if you had it. Let me write in a different color, so let me write brown eyes and little teeth. You could get the A from your dad and you could get the B from your mom, in which case you have an AB blood type. You have to have two lowercase b's. And if teeth are over here, they will assort independently.
Something's wrong with my tablet. It's kind of a mixture of the two. Big teeth right here, brown eyes there. And then I have a capital T and a lowercase t. And then let's just keep moving forward. Recommended textbook solutions. Let me write this down here. So the mom in either case is either going to contribute this big B brown allele from one of the homologous chromosomes, or on the other homologous, well, they have the same allele so she's going to contribute that one to her child. So the probability of pink, well, let's look at the different combinations. Well, we just draw our Punnett square again. How many of these are pink? I had a small teeth here, but the big teeth dominate. However, sometimes it is the other way around and the defective gene is dominant because it malformed protein will block the action of the correctly formed protein (if you have the recessive allele that works).
Well, both of your parents will have to carry at least one O. So the phenotype is the genotype. EXAMPLE: You don't know genotype, but your father had brown eyes, and no history of blue eyes (you can assume BB). Since your father can only pass a "b", your eye color will be completely determined by whether your mom gives you her "B" or her "b". Sets found in the same folder. OK, brown eyes, so the dad could contribute the big teeth or the little teeth, z along with the brown-eyed gene, or he could contribute the blue-eyed gene, the blue-eyed allele in combination with the big teeth or the yellow teeth. So I could get a capital B and a lowercase B with a capital T and a capital T, a big B, lowercase B, capital T lowercase t. And I'm just going to go through these super-fast because it's going to take forever, so capital B from here, capital B from there; capital T, lowercase t from here; capital B from each and then lowercase t from each.
But you don't know your genotype, so you trace the pedigree.
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