For example, surveying every fifth student in order from a large class at college. Availability: The ability of a product to be in a state to perform its designated function under stated conditions at a given time. It is a logical extension of the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney Test (see listing). Current good manufacturing practices (CGMP): Regulations enforced by the U. Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC): Two terms that have many interpretations because of the multiple definitions for the words "assurance" and "control. " Some importers can be very particular about how their supplier labels their cartons. A quality control manager at a factory select db. Audits are based on a sample and are independent of the system, process or product being audited, unlike verification activities, which are part of a process. For example, if you manufacture wristwatches with leather wristbands, you might include a crocking test in your checklist to ensure there's no color transfer when the leather is wiped with a wet or dry cloth. These directives apply to any country that sells products within the EU. 2) Providing objective criteria for inspecting the product to ensure the goods meet the customer's expectations. Team: A group of individuals organized to work together to accomplish a specific objective.
Run chart: A chart showing a line connecting numerous data points collected from a process running over time. CASCO: An International Organization for Standardization policy development committee for conformity assessment. American standard code for information interchange (ASCII): The basic computer characters accepted by all American machines and many foreign ones. Norm (behavioral): Expectations of how a person or persons will behave in a given situation based on established protocols, rules of conduct or accepted social practices. Also see "informative inspection. A quality control manager at a factory selects a sample. Cpk index: Equals the lesser of the USL minus the mean divided by 3 sigma (or the mean) minus the LSL divided by 3 sigma. SIPOC diagram: A tool used by Six Sigma process improvement teams to identify all relevant elements (suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers) of a process improvement project before work begins. Block diagram: A diagram that shows the operation, interrelationships and interdependencies of components in a system. Leadership: The action of leading a group of people or an organization, an essential part of a quality improvement effort. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): An agency of the U. The 20% of the possible causes are referred to as the "vital few;" the remaining causes are referred to as the "useful many. " Root cause: A factor that caused a nonconformance and should be addressed with corrective action. Data collection and analysis: The process to determine what data are to be collected, how the data are collected and how the data are to be analyzed.
If Doug spent 40... - 35. Voice of the customer: The expressed requirements and expectations of customers relative to products or services, as documented and disseminated to the providing organization's members. Kruskal-Wallis test: A nonparametric test to compare three or more samples.
Exemplar Global: A U. A quality control manager at a factory selects 7 lightbulbs at random for inspection out of every 400 lightbulbs produced. At this rate, how many lightbulbs will be inspected if the factory produces 20,000 lightbulbs. certification body for personnel certification or training course certification. Experienced importers know that they need to provide clear product requirements to their supplier, or else they risk receiving a shipment that doesn't meet their expectations or those of their customer. Process performance management (PPM): The overseeing of process instances to ensure their quality and timeliness; can also include proactive and reactive actions to ensure a good result. Failure mode analysis (FMA): A procedure to determine which malfunction symptoms appear immediately before or after a failure of a critical parameter in a system or product.
Cp: The ratio of tolerance to 6 sigma, or the upper specification limit (USL) minus the lower specification limit (LSL) divided by 6 sigma. Detection refers to activities for detecting nonconformances already in products and services. Stretch goals: A set of goals designed to position an organization to meet future requirements. Scorecard: An evaluation device, usually in the form of a questionnaire, that specifies the criteria customers will use to rate your business' performance in satisfying customer requirements. It is used for scheduling and especially for determining the critical path through nodes. For example, you may not know what kind of on-site tests should be performed and what equipment is needed for a thorough inspection of the chairs you're manufacturing in Vietnam. A quality control manager at a factory selects multiple. Special causes are also referred to as assignable causes. One-touch exchange of dies: The reduction of die setup to a single step. Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test: Used to test the null hypothesis that two populations have identical distribution functions against the alternative hypothesis that the two distribution functions differ only with respect to location (median), if at all. Repeatability: The variation in measurements obtained when one measurement device is used several times by the same person to measure the same characteristic on the same product. Sampling, unit: Sequential sampling inspection in which, after each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it or inspect another unit.
Also see "poka-yoke. Process flow diagram: A visual depiction, generally using symbols, of the flow of materials or information through a process. But a similar importer might have a lower tolerance for the same defect and want it reported as "major". How many lightbulbs... - 3. l=24 + 3. If the botanist's... While the two concepts emphasize the same ideas, some disagree as to which concept came first and which categories are included in each. Examples are brainstorming, the Delphi method, role-playing, TRIZ and visioning. A quality control manager at a factory selects 7 lightbulbs at random for inspection out of every 400 - Brainly.com. Capability maturity model (CMM): A framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process. Imagineering: Developing in the mind's eye a process without waste.
Inspection: A verification activity. The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebraic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviations from the target. Kitting: A process in which assemblers are supplied with kits—a box of parts, fittings and tools—for each task they perform. Some, however, consider these two terms synonymous and applicable to products and processes. What may initially seem like a small discrepancy can have a ripple effect across the entire length of your supply chain. Nonconforming record (NCR): A permanent record for accounting and preserving the knowledge of a nonconforming condition. Suboptimization: A condition in which gains made in one activity are offset by losses in another activity or activities that are caused by the same actions that created gains in the first activity. Statistics - 1.1 Introduction to the Practice of Statisticw Flashcards. Importers often want to know what is the best way to clarify their product requirements, both to their supplier and any inspection staff that might check an order before shipping. For example, if you import a fitness product that sends and stores data through an iPhone app, you'll likely want to test this function during inspection. This is a type of software project management that focuses on early delivery of business value, continuous improvement of a project's product and processes, scope flexibility, team input and delivering well-tested products that reflect customer needs. Also see "production smoothing. Customer PPAP approval, or a deviation, is required before shipping the purchased parts or materials to the customer for use in their production process. Statistical quality control (SQC): The application of statistical techniques to control quality.
Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor. G. Gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R): The evaluation of a gauging instrument's accuracy by determining whether its measurements are repeatable (there is close agreement among a number of consecutive measurements of the output for the same value of the input under the same operating conditions) and reproducible (there is close agreement among repeated measurements of the output for the same value of input made under the same operating conditions over a period of time). TRIZ: A Russian acronym for a theory of innovative problem solving. Inspection cost: The cost associated with inspecting a product to ensure it meets the internal or external customer's needs and requirements; an appraisal cost. The chart frequently shows a central line to help detect a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.
Frequency distribution (statistical): A table that graphically presents a large volume of data so the central tendency (such as the average or mean) and distribution are clearly displayed. In other words, the variations among the observed sampling results cannot be attributed to a constant system of chance causes. It is a highly disciplined, standardized model that results in the development of an improved production process in which low waste levels are achieved at low capital cost. Gap analysis: The comparison of a current condition to the desired state. Otherwise, you run the risk of your supplier not knowing your expectations. Corporate governance: The system of rules, practices and processes that directs and controls an organization. Value stream: All activities, both value added and nonvalue added, required to bring a product from raw material state into the hands of the customer, bring a customer requirement from order to delivery and bring a design from concept to launch. A repetitive questioning technique to probe deeper to surface the root cause of a problem.
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